How to Design a Home Fitness Room

There is nothing more convenient than having a home fitness room. All you need is a spare room and exercise equipment. To have a well-designed home fitness room where you will want to spend time, you will need to include a few more elements. Your home fitness room can be the envy of the neighborhood.

Instructions

1

Paint your home fitness room. Begin with blue or green for a relaxing effect, then add a bright contrasting color on one wall or on trim molding to energize the room. Add full spectrum lighting to make the room glow.

2

Install mirrors in your home fitness room. Put wall-to-wall mirrors on one wall so you can see your form and posture as you exercise. If you are using an accent wall, it might be fun for the mirrored wall to be opposite the accent wall.

3

Purchase exercise-mat flooring for the room. You can buy interlocking floor-mat squares that will provide extra cushioning for your legs and feet and soften the floor for sit-ups and other floor exercises. Other options are bamboo flooring or commercial carpet.

4

Provide places to hang and store exercise equipment. Hooks and shelving provide places to hang jump ropes, weight belts and other equipment.

5

Create a space for media equipment. You can install a flat-screen TV on the wall and set up an iPod dock or small stereo.

6

Set up your exercise equipment. You will need something for aerobic activity, such as a treadmill, ellyptical machine, or stair stepper. You will also need strength training equipment such as free weights or a weight machine.

How to Decorate Teenage Bedrooms

Teens want their rooms to look a certain way, and it may seem like you can't please them, no matter how clever and elegant the decor is. However, teens are inclined to be more creative and bold as they find their way in the world. Knowing this, you can decorate your teen's bedroom in a way she will love.

Instructions

How to Decorate Teenage Bedrooms

1

Select paint based on the teen's favorite color. Teens want their rooms to reflect who they are. Speak with your teen to determine which colors and moods reflect her personality best.

2

Create a theme according to an activity or lifestyle. Your teen may want a room that demonstrates her passion for rock, or one that shows a laid-back, bohemian charm. Themes unify the elements in a room and make its decorations more pleasing. Let your teen decide what kind of decor she wants. Teens love being in a room they've helped create.

3

Add furniture that organizes her space. Teenagers have a lot of things--from clothes to school books to extracurricular materials. They need to be able to stow their belongings neatly and conveniently. For example, add a hanging organizer in the closet to help organize your teen's shoes, or a multipurpose chest at the end of the bed to store other accessories.

4

Create dedicated spaces in the room for your teen's activities. Add a wooden table and chair in one corner of the room and designate it as her space to do homework. Another corner may have a basket that contains her sports equipment, or an entertainment corner where she can store the TV and video game consoles.

5

Accessorize. Teens want a room that looks hip, trendy and cool. Add a headboard that your teen painted, or add bedding with bold prints she selected. Hang pictures and collages, using frames decorated according to the room's motif. Add a drapery to the bed to make it look like a princess's room, or place a funky lamp on the desk to add character and style.

Do-It-Yourself Phone Jack Installation

Many homeowners have had the experience of having phone service installed for their residences. You place a call to the phone company, workers set a date to come out, and, finally, some weeks later, they arrive to complete the service. The problem is that they don't usually install the phone jacks inside the home, unless, of course, you ask them to, and then it will cost you somewhere between $50 and $100 dollars per hour. To save money, you can install your own phone jack with little or no trouble at all.

Choose Your Jack

Choose a jack that will fit your needs. Phone jacks come in many shapes, sizes and colors. There are white jacks, tan jacks, surface jacks that mount on the wall and jacks that fit inside an opening inside your wall. A surface jack is the most common jack because it can be installed anytime and place. The interior wall jack works like a wall plug, and, most of the time, must be installed before your wall sheathing goes up.

Run The Phone Wire

Drill a hole through your wall. The phone company will install a service box on the outside of your home. You will need to run phone wire from that box, through your wall, and to the place in where your phone jack will be installed. Drill your hole through the floor or the wall of your home and poke your phone wire through. The wires are color coded, so green, red, brown, black and yellow will all go to the same colors inside the service box.

Install Your Phone Jack

Attach your phone jack to the wall using the two screws that come inside the package containing the phone jack. You must remove the cover from the phone jack( it snaps right off) and attach the jack to the wall. Attach the other end of the phone wires to the corresponding colors and replace the jack cover. You may now plug your phone into its jack and test for a signal.

How to Care for Vinyl Siding

There are a number of benefits to having vinyl siding on a home. Not only does it beautify the exterior of the home, but it provides superior protection against all weather conditions. However, it is important to care for the vinyl siding properly. As your home's first line of defense against the elements, it is important to take specific steps to protect your siding and to increase its effectiveness against the forces of nature.

Instructions

1

Inspect your vinyl siding twice a year. Completing a thorough inspection on a regular basis will allow you to spot problems early so they can be repaired before any real damage is done. Make note of any areas where mold may be beginning to grow. Pay close attention to the joints and seams to make sure no gaps have formed that allow moisture to have access to the wood behind the siding.

2

Clean any mold or mildew away from the vinyl siding as soon as you find it. Small patches can easily be cleaned away using commercial mold and mildew removers, such as Fantastik or Windex. If a large area of mold or mildew has developed, washing the area with a solution consisting of 30 percent vinegar and 70 percent water is effective at killing the mold.

3

Wash the entire surface of the vinyl siding three times a year. Use a soft-bristle brush to wash the vinyl siding, using either soapy water or your choice of cleaning solution. Start at the bottom of the siding, and work your way up to the top, being sure to rinse each section before the soap/solution has time to dry.

4

Use a special cleaner to spot clean any stained areas of the vinyl siding. Fantastik, Windex and Murphy's Oil Soap are very good general-purpose cleaners that work well for removing a variety of stains on vinyl siding.

How to Make Your Own Kitchen Floor Plan

By making your own kitchen floor plan, you can have the kitchen you've always dreamed of. This is one project you don't want to rush through, so take your time and you might even want to look around at some kitchen designs in stores and magazines a few times before you get your final draft. Make sure to check out all the various sinks, stoves, cabinets and counter tops before making any final decisions. Start out with a budget in mind and stick to it because kitchens can become very expensive quickly. When you're finished with your kitchen, it should be everything you want it to be.

Instructions

1

Draw your kitchen area on the graph paper. Use one box per foot or 6 inches depending on the size of your paper and the area. The larger you can make it, the better.

2

Using a cabinet guide, place the bottom cabinets. Start with the sink base. Commonly, the sink base cabinet goes under a window, but this is your kitchen so place it where you like, just remember there must be plumbing to this area. You will need to decide first what type of sink you will be using. Draw in the dishwasher next to the sink. Then place where you want your stove or oven, keeping in mind there will need to be electric, possible gas and some sort of venting. A down draft vent is very hard to install if you are on a slab, so take this into consideration if you are planning a drop in top with a grill. Then place where your refrigerator will go and work in the different sized cabinets, pantry cabinet and drawer units between them. The cabinet guide will give you all the various dimensions of the cabinets.

3

Draw into the floor plan where the plumbing, gas and electric will come from and how it is getting to the appliances. This will help you decide if the placement of a certain appliance is unreasonable or any extra parts that may be needed to get there. Draw in the vent for your stove top and how it is getting outside the house. There are many types of venting systems, and the stove top does not need to be on an outside wall anymore. When you are happy with the bottom row of cabinets and placement of your appliances, you can start on the top cabinets.

4

Lower on your page or on a separate paper draw in your top cabinets. If you have put in a pantry closet, range hood or anything from the bottom that carries over onto the top, mark that space first. Draw in windows. Now fill in the rest of the area with top cabinets. They come in different heights so make sure of what you write down. It is not uncommon anymore for people to use more than one height top cabinets in their kitchens, just be sure that's what you want. Decide if you want them to have a soffit to the ceiling or open so you can decorate above them. Pick matching molding for the tops if you are going to leave them open. Place matching bridge trim from one cabinet to the other over a sink. Place any garages or accessories that you want to match your cabinets.

5

Draw in a center island if you are planning one. Place the cabinets that will go there, and how you will finish the back. You can have cabinets on both sides or a matching sheet put on the back.

6

Draw in counter tops. You may want to overextend your counter tops past your cabinets and then you will need a shelf or posts to hold up the extended end. Mention on the floor plan what material you plan to use for the counter top. Mention also what material you will be using for flooring. This will help you or your contractor estimate a price for your kitchen.

How to Save Power at Home

Saving power at home is more than just about saving money. It is also about saving the earth's resources and using them wisely. If we don't begin utilizing our resources wisely, we are going to raise children that waste the power without even giving it a second thought. The best part about saving power at home is that it is so easy. It only takes a few extra conscience choices.

Instructions

1

Make sure your home is properly insulated. If it isn't, you are losing power every time you need to heat your house. Make sure you check the walls, floors, and attic and add insulation as needed.

2

Choose to buy energy-saving appliances. These appliances will have an Energy Star rating. These appliances are 15% more efficient than appliances that don't carry the Energy Star rating. This is a great way to save power in your home because you most likely use your appliances on a daily basis.

3

Switch to energy-saving light bulbs. These light bulbs are more expensive than regular light bulbs, but if you just replace one light bulb each week your entire house will be saving power in less than three months. Energy saving light bulbs also last 7 years which is a lot longer than regular light bulbs.

4

Check the caulking on your windows and doors and make sure no air is getting out or in. Apply new caulk if needed.

5

Consider getting solar panels. Solar panels get the energy from the sun and convert that energy to run the items in your home that need power. Solar panels are not cheap, but they can reduce or eliminate your electric bill depending on the number of solar panels you purchase.

6

Unplug any items that you are not using such as a hair dryer. You should also make sure you turn off your television when no one is watching it. Teach your children to turn off the computer when they are done with it. All of these things take but five seconds and can save power in your home.

Care of Wooden Fences

A wood fence is a lovely, defining piece in a yard. A fence serves more than the obvious practical use of containing pets and children, and defining your property lines. It is an important part of the decor of your back yard habitat. Outdoor woods always take a bit of work to maintain, but can last for decades with proper upkeep.

Construction

A wooden fence constructed with the right materials is easiest to maintain. Posts should be made of pressure treated lumber, which makes them more resistant to the elements and pests. The board or picket material is best made of cedar or redwood. These two species are known for being able to withstand rot, making them an excellent choice for a structure that will be continually outdoors. It is not as important for the boards to be pressure treated, since they are not below ground.

Cleaning

If you have an older fence that has discolored, it should be cleaned before being sealed. Scrub the fence with a deck cleaning product. Use a pressure washer to remove all of the excess green residue that tends to builds up on an outdoor structures. Scrape off any old paint, being careful to contain the dust in case of lead contamination.

Sealing or Painting

The process of pressure treating preserves the wood, so it is not necessary to seal any of these pieces. Any pieces of the fence that are not pressure treated should be sealed. Water-repellent sealants that do not alter the appearance of the wood are a good option if you like the look of natural wood. Outdoor stains are also available, and these products act as both a stain and a sealant. If you like the look of the traditional white picket fence, it is possible to paint a fence. This is a very tedious process, but can yield some lovely results. Most homeowners do not want to repeat the painting process more than necessary, so be sure to choose a high quality outdoor paint that will last as long as possible.

Tips

There are a few simple things you can do to protect you fence from early decay. First, keep garden sprinklers away from the fence. Any direct moisture hitting the wood can cause it to rot faster. As pretty as they may seem, try to keep climbing vines away from the fence and don't plant trees or shrubs right up against it. Plants will contribute to moisture by holding onto rain water and by their natural life processes.

How to Fix a Drain Under a Kitchen Sink

Plumbers will often charge you hundreds of dollars for simple fixes that you easily can do for free. One of the most common household problems is a kitchen sink that will not drain properly. With a few basic items, a little muscle, and a strong stomach, you can save money and keep your house functioning properly. This simple repair is typically necessary at least once per year for every sink drain in your house.

Instructions

Fixing The Problem

1

Remove all chemicals and other items from beneath your sink.

2




Locate the p-trap. This is the u-shaped pipe and the place where the majority of clogs will happen.

3




Place a large bowl under the p-trap. Loosen the plastic washers on both ends of the p-trap, then remove this pipe.

4

Use the coat hanger to clean out the p-trap pipe. Remove any debris stuck in the pipe. Discard the waste. This will be an unpleasant task.

5

Use the coat hanger to clean out the vertical pipe connecting the kitchen sink to the p-trap pipe.

6

Reassemble p-trap in reverse order and test the drainage. If the problem persists it will be necessary to have a plumber snake the plumbing system.

Installing Ceramic Countertop Tiles

Preparing the Deck

Ceramic tile countertops look great and are extremely durable. You can customize them by the way you set the tile, mix colors or add patterns. The first part of the installation is the decking. 3/4 inch plywood is measured and cut to fit the countertop and then screwed on to the tops of the cabinets. The cut is then made into the plywood for the sink. Most sinks come with a template to use, however the sink itself can be used by turning upside down and tracing around it. Then remove the sink and measure in for the rim before you make the cut. Then cement backer board it is measured and cut to fit over the plywood. The backer board is installed by applying thin set with a notched trowel, setting the backer board in place and screwing down with cement screws. The flat heads of the screws should be flush with the board. Once the backer board is in place, you are ready to install the tile.

Installing the Tile

Lay out and properly plan the setting before you start. You want a much of a full tile as you can get around the sink, so you can start by planning the sink area. You will begin the installation on the outside edge of the counter and work towards the wall. If you are installing a tile edge, start by laying these tiles out. Then work around the sink. It will turn out that the tile against the backsplash will need to be cut. Don't measure one and cut them all because chances are, your back wall is not straight. Measure and cut each one as you go along. If you are using a wood border around your tile, so they will be inset, then attach that first and start with a full tile on the outside edge.

To install the tile, mix up some thin set. Apply with a notched trowel and lay down the first tile. Lay the next tile and place a 1/8th or 1/16th spacer between them if you are not using common countertop tile. Countertop tile will come with its own spacer built right into the tile. When you get to the next row back you will need to put spacers between the first and second row and the tiles next to it. When you need to cut a tile, measure the space, transfer the measurement to the back of the tile with a pencil and use a wet saw to cut the tile. When all the tiles are installed, allow the thin set to dry overnight before grouting.

Finishing the Installation

There is a special grout that is made for use in wet areas. It is a little harder to work with but is a much better choice for countertops than the common sanded grout. It is known as un-sanded grout and it is an acrylic based product that is more like caulk than grout. You can purchase ready to use and you just put a glob on the counter and work it into the joints with a grout float. Do a section at a time and wipe with a damp sponge. When you get the entire counter finished, let it dry according to the manufacturer's directions. Sometimes this grout tends to shrink and crack a little and it will be necessary to repeat the process. Look at it closely and see if you need to do a second coat. Next you will need to seal the grout. This will protect it from getting stained and from degrading due to constant washing. Apply at least two coats of grout sealer with either a paint brush or a rag. Allow it to dry overnight and you should be ready to use your new countertop the next day.

How to Care for Olive Wood

Olive wood is a popular choice for kitchen instruments, salad and other bowls, as well as chopping blocks. The wood is easy to care for and its dense grain can make it last for generations. Most olive wood products are handmade, and matching sets must be made from the same block of wood due to the variations in color and grain within the wood. As a result, products made from olive wood are more expensive than similar items made from softer wood. A well-cared for piece of olive wood has a luster and color unmatched by any other wood, making olive wood an investment well worth the money.

Instructions

Caring for olive wood

1

Clean olive wood products in warm water using a mild dish-washing soap.

2

Dry thoroughly immediately after cleaning with a soft lint-free towel

3

Rub your olive wood product with olive, peanut or sunflower oil once a month. Dip a paper towel into the oil and gently rub, using a circular motion, over the surface of the wood. Work the oil into the sides, top and bottom of the olive wood.

4

Wipe off excess oil with a soft lint-free cloth or a clean paper towel.

Garbage Disposal Cleaning Tips

Garbage disposals take a lot of wear and tear, and they can start to smell after a while. If the odors coming from your sink are unbearable, it's time to clean out your garbage disposal.

Removing Debris

To remove debris from your garbage disposal, pour 1/2 cup of baking soda, followed by 1 cup of white vinegar, down the drain. The mixture will bubble and fizz, which means that it is working to clean out the disposal and the pipes. Wait several minutes, and then pour 8 cups of boiling water down the drain to wash away the mixture. This will remove the debris from the disposal. Do this every couple of weeks to keep your garbage disposal clean and functional. Although some swear by the alternative solution of pouring a bleach mixture down the drain, others warn that it may harm the disposal or the pipes.

Removing Odors

Even after the garbage disposal is clean, odors may be left behind. To freshen the smell of your disposal, put several ice cubes down the drain along with the peels from citrus fruits, such as lemons, oranges or grapefruits. The peels will clean the blades of the garbage disposal and keep them smelling fresh.

Disposal Maintenance

The best way to keep your garbage disposal clean is to maintain it correctly. Before running your garbage disposal, turn on the cold water. Then turn on the garbage disposal and slowly slide the garbage down the drain. Leave the water running for several seconds after you turn off the disposal. Do not put bones, glass or other hard materials down the drain, and try to toss most of your leftover food in the garbage. Run your disposal often rather than leaving rotting material down the drain overnight.

How To Install a Drop-in Range

A drop-in range range has a nice built-in look that can update any kitchen. A drop-in range can be installed in any kitchen countertop area provided there is enough depth and clearance. There are many different kinds of drop-in ranges and they can come in both electric and gas.

Instructions

Installation

1

Measure the location of the drop-in range to ensure you have the proper clearances.

2

Cut the countertop and cabinet to the rough dimensions required in the drop-in range instructions.

3

Cut out and install a 2x4 to frame the rough opening of the drop-in range in the cabinet using wood screws to connect it to the cabinet.

4

Install additional reinforcement blocks of wood to secure the drop-in range to the cabinet.

5

Install the drop-in range and ensure it is level. Use shims to level out the drop-in range.

6

Connect the drop-in range to the utilities.

How to Build a Kitchen Sink Base

Of all the cabinets in the kitchen to build, the kitchen sink base cabinet is among the easiest. It consists of two end panels, a bottom shelf, a back and a front with doors. If you are familiar with power tools all you will need besides that knowledge is the basics of building cabinets.

Instructions

The Shell

1

Place the two end panels on a table with the long edges touching. Measure up 4-inches from the bottom where the two end panels meet, and make a mark. Place the carpenter's square on the mark and draw a line out to the long edges that were touching. Place the measuring tape on the edges that were touching and make a mark at 3 inches. Place the carpenter's square on that mark and draw a line up to the 4-inch line. This gives you the cutout for the toe board.

2

Cut this notch out with the jigsaw. Repeat this process on the other end panel as well.

3

Place the two pieces of 4-by-19-inch plywood on the end panels where you cut the block out. They will sit inch back from the edge where the notch is and will be flush with the back of the end panel. Secure them with the finish nails. Repeat this for the other end panel. These are the cleats that the bottom shelf will rest on.

4

Place the 34-by-23-by--inch plywood (shelf) on the table. Drill several pilot holes 3/8-inch from the ends of the shelf. Stand one of the end panels on its back edge, and apply glue to the top of the cleat. Place the 34-inch shelf on the cleat, and secure it with the finish nails. Repeat this process on the other end panel.

5

Apply glue to the front edge of the cleat and place one of the 4-by-34-inch plywood pieces on the front of the cleats. Secure it with the finish nails. Next, apply glue to the edges of the other 4-by-34-inch piece of plywood at the top and the back of the cabinet. Secure it with the finish nails. This is the back brace and allows for securing the cabinet to the wall.

Face Frame

6

Place three of the 2-by-32-inch pieces of plywood on the table side by side. Measure from one end and mark the center. Next, measure 1 inch in both directions from the center mark and make a mark. Place the carpenter's square on these two marks and draw a line across all three pieces of wood.

7

Place the other 2-by-32-inch pieces of plywood on the table perpendicular to the ones from Step 1. Place one of them at the top of another one to form an "L."

8

Secure these two pieces together with the corrugated fasteners. Next, place the 2-by-4-inch plywood in the corner that you created. Make sure the grain of the 4-inch piece and the grain of the 32-inch piece are running in the same direction.

9

Place another 32-inch piece of plywood against the bottom side of the 4-inch piece of plywood. Secure it with the corrugated fasteners. Repeat this process for the other 32-inch piece of plywood. Next, place the last 32-inch piece of plywood on the other end and secure it with the corrugated fasteners.

10

Place the 21-inch piece of plywood on the center marks that you drew and secure it with the corrugated fasteners. Do the same with the 4-inch piece of plywood.

11

Apply glue on the front edges of the two end panels and the bottom shelf. Place the face frame on the front of the cabinet. It will hang over the end panels inch on both sides. Secure it with the finish nails. Set the nails with the nail set, and fill the holes with wood putty before sanding.

12

Measure each opening in the face frame and add 1 inch to the dimensions. For example, one of the openings measures 15 by 21 inches. By adding an inch to both measurements, the door size will be 16 by 22 inches.

Antique Copper Kitchen Faucets

For years, copper has been a common medium for crafting items for use in the home to fill both functional and decorative purposes. Today, our fondness for the natural, burnished beauty of this metal is evident in the rising popularity of copper fixtures. This is especially evident in the rapidly growing market for antique copper kitchen faucets, a popular fixture in many kitchens and bathrooms the world over.

Features

If you are shopping for antique copper kitchen faucets, you will be able to choose from a wide range of designs, sizes and finish options available. Manufacturers provide this variety so as to meet the huge demand among today's homeowners for a faucet that is not just a water tap, but also a fashionable accessory that significantly enhances their kitchen design set up. Like other modern faucets, antique copper kitchen faucets can be broadly categorized into two types based on their functionality: Compression faucets and mixing faucets.

Compression Faucets

The compression faucet is the traditional, old-style design that consists of a spigot with two knobs, one for hot water and the other for cold. It relies on washer valves to regulate the temperature and pressure of the water. This type of antique copper kitchen faucet requires a 3-hole widespread installation.

Mixing Faucets

The mixing faucet is a more contemporary design. It consists of a spigot and a single handle that enables you to control water pressure and temperature with a single lever. This type of antique copper kitchen faucet is an easy-to-use option, particularly for anyone who has some degree of difficulty using their hands. It functions without the need for water valves and requires only one hole in the sink for installation.

Choices

While the mixing spigot offers a more modern and durable configuration, the most popular choice among buyers of antique copper kitchen faucets is the old-fashioned compression faucet design; this is largely because it offers more artistic variety and sophistication, particularly for rustic or country design themes.

Patina

Antique copper kitchen faucets are vulnerable to oxidation. Over time, copper oxidizes with exposure to moisture and air; this causes it to tarnish as it develops a green colored patina, which is a thin film that develops on the metal surface through oxidation. Some people love the patina for the touch of authentic, rustic charm that it adds to their overall design theme. If you would rather not deal with patina on your antique copper kitchen faucets, be sure to purchase a brand that has a lacquer coating, which helps preserve the original antique finish.

How to Clean Shower Floor Scum

After multiple showers the flooring can get rather scummy, especially if you have a job that requires you to work outside. The dirt from your body can sit on the floor of your shower and remain there and accumulate with all of the soap's residue. Eventually you will need to clean the shower floor since it will get dirty and scummy. There are several items you can use to clean the scum from the floor of your shower, some of which are standard household items.

Instructions

1

Sprinkle baking soda onto a wet sponge. Scrub with the sponge In the areas that have scum on the floor of the shower. Then rinse the flooring.

2

Spray mold and mildew remover for heavier scummy shower floors. Use the Tilex brand, which will need to sit on the scum for at least 10 minutes. Get a scrub brush and scrub the entire flooring. You may also be able to use a rag to remove the scum by wiping down the shower floor. Mold and mildew remover is capable of removing much of the scum without much scrubbing.

3

Rinse down the mold and mildew remover from the shower floor. You should see a lot of dirt flowing down toward the drain as well as a scum-free shower floor.

4

Spray mold and mildew remover into the corners of the shower floor. These can be very hard-to-reach areas and simply spraying the remover can clean off the scum. If you still see or feel scum then use an old toothbrush to clean the shower floor corners of scum.

5

Repeat as needed. If you used baking soda or mold and mildew remover and you see that there are still scummy areas, then target those specific areas and repeat the task. With baking soda make sure to put a little more on the sponge to clean the areas and with the remover let it sit for a few minutes longer. Then rinse down the shower floor and wait for it to dry.

What Is Retro Furniture?

From 1950s diner-inspired tables and chairs to shiny chrome and Andy Warhol pop art colors, retro furniture and accessories are classified as those pieces dating from the mid twentieth century, specifically the time period between the 1940s to the 1970s.

Expert Insight

According to Judith Smith, an interior design professional with Ethan Allen based in Allentown, Pennsylvania, the furnishings, accessories and materials should be at least 30 years old to be considered retro.

Time Frame

Hallmarks of the 1940s and post World War II era include sleek lines and wood veneer finishes. Shiny metals, like chrome or nickel, are typical of 1950s designs, while vibrant colors inspired by Andy Warhol's pop art pieces include orange, fuchsia and lime green. "Hollywood" metallic colors and fabrics like satins and silks are also typical of retro style.

Function

Provided furniture is well made, sturdy and in good repair, it may be used with care like any other home pieces.

Features

Clean, smooth lines, curves, a wide variety of fabrics, woods and metals, colors and design elements typical to the mid-twentieth century mirror popular culture, art and world events. Home furnishings can be seen as snapshots of the various periods of lifestyles defining the post World War II era.

Warnings

Vintage or retro furniture original to its time period (not modern reproductions) may not have the same safeguards, safety features, or construction standards and materials (paints)--especially children's furnishings--as furniture that was manufactured more recently.

The Best Way to Clean Gutters

Gutters channel water away from your house, helping to prevent ice dams in the winter, as well as water damage to your home's foundation. Gutters can collect debris, becoming so clogged that water will no longer move through them. The more frequently you clean gutters, the less clogged they will become between cleanings. When cleaning your gutters be sure to wear safety goggles and rubber gloves from start to finish.

Climb and Scoop

The most straightforward way to clean gutters is to place a ladder against your house, climb high enough to see into the gutters, scoop out and discard all debris. Begin at the farthest end of the house, working your way toward the downspout. Use a garden hose to rinse the gutters.

Flush the Downspout

Flush the downspout with the hose, and the debris should come out the bottom. If the downspout is so clogged that it cannot be flushed, you will need to insert a probe into the downspout to dislodge the clog. A "plumber's snake," available at most hardware stores, works well for this. Also use this opportunity to make any repairs to your gutters. Replace any missing nails or screws, and repair any cracks or leaks using silicone caulk.

Garden Hose Attachments

If you don't have a ladder or would prefer not to use one, attachments are available for your garden hose for gutter cleaning. They are approximately five feet long, curved at the top and available at most hardware stores. Using the attachment, stand on the ground, place the curved end into the gutter and flush with water all along the gutter. If you have a clogged downspout you may insert the plumber's snake from the bottom to push out debris.

Prevention

As with most things, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Consider installing some form of screen or barrier that will block debris from entering your gutters, while allowing water to flow freely. Consult an adviser at your local hardware store to determine which style best meets your needs.

How to Decorate a China Cabinet

A china cabinet is primarily used to house a collection of fine china. China cabinets often serve as the focal point to a room. A china cabinet can be a simple, plain pine box or a more elaborate creation of finely carved wood and frosted glass. Purchasing a china cabinet is a great way to show off pretty dishes or other delicate curios. China cabinets can also serve as stand-alone pieces. They can be decorated to suit the seasons or your own personal tastes.

Instructions

1

Add holiday and seasonal items and colors. To mark Christmas, place bits of mistletoe and red ribbon inside and outside the china cabinet. To celebrate Hanukah, show off a collection of menorahs and place blue ribbon inside the cabinet. For Easter, place decorated eggs inside the cabinet and pink and purple bows on the outside. For a summer look, add seashells and containers with bits of sand.

2

Illuminate any items in the cabinet with lighting. Some china cabinets have built-in lighting that can help people see the details of your best plates. For those china cabinets that do not come with built-in lighting, place a lamp next to the cabinet or install lighting. Drill a small hole in the back of the cabinet. Place a small light such as a Christmas light in the front of the cabinet. Pull the wires through the hole and plug in. You can also light up the cabinet with candles. Place candle holders on shelves for a romantic look. Make sure to do this only if you'll be present the entire time the candles are burning. Do not place candles near wood doors and panels, or anything else that could be flammable or prone to melting. Make sure the candle flames have sufficient clearance on top.

3

Line the shelves with shelf paper. Many cabinets also have slide-out drawers. Cut out the contact paper to match the shape and size of the shelves and drawers. You can lightly glue the paper down if it is not self-adhesive, but realize that glue can make it harder to remove the paper should you wish to change it later on. Let dry and reinsert back in the china cabinet.

4

Place flowers inside the cabinet. Fresh flowers will look elegant against plain or floral-patterned china. Place the flowers in small vases inside the cabinet. Silk flowers will also work well.

5

Add mirrors. Some china cabinets already have built-in mirrors, and you can add one if your china cabinet does not have a built-in mirror. Slide out the cabinet shelves and any connecting hardware if possible. Attach mirrored tiles to the inside back of the cabinet. If you don't want to line the entire cabinet with mirrors, consider attaching mirrored tiles to just the shelves of the cabinet. Small, stand-alone mirrors can also be placed inside the cabinet.

How to Redo Your Kitchen for $100 or Less

If your kitchen is as boring as Mondays leftovers, cook up big changes for $100 or less. Start with a fresh coat of paint on walls, stir in some bright details on the hardware and garnish with some bright accents on the floors and windows for a fresh look that costs little but makes a big impact.

Instructions

1

Choose a new color to paint your kitchen. Select a color that blends with the wood of your cabinets and flows naturally into adjoining rooms. Don't forget the ceiling. If it's dingy or the kitchen is small, use bright white.

2

Unscrew cabinet hardware. While replacing or refacing cabinets won't fit in a $100 kitchen remodeling budget, new or refurbished hardware will. Prep, prime and spray paint hardware a contrasting or complementing color to your new kitchen walls. If there's money left at the end of your project, buy new, brushed nickel pulls.

3

Give light fixtures a new lease on life with a fresh coat of matte paint. If your lights have a bright or rubbed brass finish that date your kitchen, sand down the finish, prime and paint for a sleek, updated look.

4

Add a fresh window treatment for as little as the cost of remnant fabric that can be crafted into simple tab curtains. Look for fun and unusual vintage printed tablecloths for inspiration.

5

Finish your ceiling to floor makeover with brightly colored throw rugs. Don't limit yourself to traditional kitchen prints; consider bold stripes or geometric prints to tie the colors in your kitchen together.

Home Remedies for Ant Killers

Home remedies for killing ants are an effective and frugal alternative to using a pest control company. A number of suggestions are provided as solutions.

History

Although there is no definitive date, the need for pest control probably dates back to the origins of agriculture, around 8000 B.C. Ants are one of the most widespread and irritating of these pests. Home remedies have been around for a long time to keep them and other pests away. For example, crushed mint leaves have been used for thousands of years, long before the advent of modern-day chemical products.

Identification

According to the Ant Institute, there are 11 types of ants most commonly found in the United States. Three of them are below.

Carpenter ants range in size from inch to inch. They build their nests in decayed wood. However, once established, they do attack healthy wood. If left unchecked for extended periods of time, they could create structural damage to a home. These ants can be difficult to get rid of, so if you have a large infestation, consider employing the services of a pest control company.

The fire ant comes in several colors: red, brown and black. Their nests are identifiable by the mounds that are found in sand or dirt. They are very territorial and will attack if disturbed.

The pharaoh ant, also known as the sugar ant, is a yellow color. They are very small, reaching no longer than 1/12 of an inch in length. They are found all over the United States but are most prevalent in the South.

Types

It's estimated that there could be as many as thousands of possible remedies for treating ants. Of course, not all are effective. Try the following popular solutions.

Kill the queen. Mix the following recipe, and make it available for the ants. They will take it back to the nest to feed the queen. A few hours after eating the concoction, she will die. But be careful! Keep this mixture away from children and animals because it will make them sick if swallowed.

3 1/2 oz. of jam
1 1/2 tbsp. of wet, canned cat food
1 tbsp. of boric acid

Create your own bug spray by soaking a cigarette in 1 qt. of water overnight. Nicotine, a poison, will suffuse the water. Place the mix in a spray bottle and use it to kill the pests.

Get rid of fire ants by pouring 2 to 3 gallons of hot water into the mound. Do this on a warm day between the hours of noon and 2 p.m. That's around the time the queen will be most active and you're more likely to kill her. Repeat at least two more times to ensure the water has reached throughout the colony.

Place instant grits in the area where there is ant activity. The ants will take the grits back to the nest to feed the others. Their stomachs will swell and burst, killing them.

Prevention/Solution

If you want to keep ants away from your property, try the following:

Put out cucumber and citrus peels where ants are active.
Put down a line of cayenne pepper, baby powder or coffee grounds. Ants won't cross over the line.
Keep tree limbs or bushes from touching the house.

Considerations

The home remedies you employ may not work immediately and could very well require several treatments. Only you can determine how long is too long when dealing with your ant problem. Should you find you can no longer be patient, a professional service is always an option.

How to Remove Crawlspace Odors

Crawlspace odors are typically caused by two factors: lack of ventilation and pest infiltration. Moisture, caused by poor air circulation under the home, can lead to mold and mildew in the enclosed space. Unfortunately, there is no magic-wand cure for the elimination of any odors. By following these steps, though, you can create an area under the home that is well ventilated, dry and free of roaming pests and insects.

Instructions

1

Remove all debris from the crawlspace. This includes any fallen insulation, animal nests and waste material.

2

Look for and stop any water infiltration. The source can be leaking and sweating pipes or bad joints in the drain lines. Cracks in foundation walls can allow seepage from groundwater.

3

Replace any affected insulation. This can include fallen or stained fiberglass. The insulating blankets can harbor rodents and insects.

4

Place high-quality, 20-mil-thick plastic over any exposed dirt or soil. Moisture and insects can migrate through the soil, creating the first signs of odors.

5

Remove any vegetation in front of the crawlspace vents. This should include any bushes and plants within a 2- to 3-foot area of the vents' entrance. Vegetation that touches the house may harbor pests that can find their way into the crawlspace.

6

Install an approved style of crawlspace ventilation in the foundation walls. These vents will have adjustable metal louvers and a fine-mesh screen to keep out insects. Typically, two vents are installed in every wall. Vents should be placed 8 to 10 feet from every corner of the crawlspace.

7

Seal any cracks with silicone caulk. Close any large openings with an approved method. This may include the use of treated lumber if the wood material comes in contact with the soil.

8

Operate a crawlspace dehumidifier once the space is sealed with the proper ventilation. Even with adequate ventilation, crawlspaces in some areas of the country may still require a dehumidifier.

9

Consult a professional if the odor persists. Certain biocides or fungicides may have to be employed. Only certified professionals can apply them, and there may be some environmental concerns in using these types of products.

The Best Ways to Make Batteries Last Longer

With our society becoming more mobile there has been more emphasis placed on making batteries last longer. Whether you are trying to get more talk time out of your cell phone, more computing time out of your laptop or more light out of your flashlight there are a few tips you can use to keep those batteries lasting longer.

Cellular Phones

Cellular phone batteries have improved a great deal over the last few years, but there are a few things you can do to make them last even longer. One of the things you can do is turn off all indicator noises except the sound of your phone ringing. Notices that you pressed a button or that you received a voice mail are not necessary and drag down battery performance. As far as the ringer goes, set it to ring or vibrate but not to both. You may prefer to set it to a ring tone at a reasonable volume as vibrating takes up a lot of battery life.

You should avoid allowing your phone to be exposed to extreme heat for an extended period of time as heat drains battery life. Don't let your battery drain all the way down before you decide to recharge it. Constantly draining your battery completely and then recharging can reduce the amount of charge your battery can hold.

If you are roaming, turn your phone off until you are back into a regular service area. Roaming drains battery life quickly.

Laptops

Laptops offer extended-life batteries that are designed to last much longer than the standard batteries that come with the unit, but even then you can drain the extended-life battery if you do not monitor your power consumption. Set your laptop screen to the lowest possible brightness when you are using it on a battery. The brighter the screen the more power the laptop draws.

Avoid hooking up external devices to your laptop when it is on battery power. External devices that run through USB ports draw a tremendous amount of power and should be avoided when you are using your battery.

Avoid running anything that is CPU intensive while on a battery. High-resolution games with sound, multimedia presentations and online videos all draw a tremendous amount of power and can drain a battery quickly.

General Battery Usage

If you have a lot of devices in your home that run on battery power, consider investing in rechargeable batteries instead of the standard kind that you throw out. Rechargeable batteries can save you a lot of money over time, and they hold a charge just as well as a brand new disposable battery.

When you are not running something on a battery, take the batteries out and put them in the refrigerator. Even when a device is turned off it is still drawing a small amount of battery power, so extend the life of your batteries by removing them from devices when they are not in use. Batteries retain the power better when they are cold, so that is why they can be extended by being kept in the fridge.

Cleaning a Whirlpool Tub

Having a whirlpool tub is a very effective way to relax. Having one of these tubs will save you a fair amount of money on various spa treatments, with the added benefit of being in the comfort of your own home. While getting one of these tubs will make it easy to have a calming treatment at home, you will also need to make sure the tub is clean. With a few easy steps, you make sure your tub stays clean and in good order.

Cleaning the Tub

Cleaning a whirlpool tub is unlike cleaning a regular bathroom tub. Because of the delicate nature of the whirlpool, you will need to take special care of the sides and jets. To clean the sides of the tubs, make sure you use a soft cloth such as a terry cloth or cotton rag and a mild liquid bathroom cleaner. Make sure you check the labels on the cleaner as using an abrasive cleaner could scratch the tub. Use a toothbrush or cotton swab daily to make sure the outside of the jets remain clean.

Flushing the Jets

The second (and more important) part of keeping your whirlpool tub clean is the flushing of the jet system. To make sure that you have done this (and gotten rid of all excess skin, bodily fluids, and bacteria which may be residing in the jets) follow the following process.

Fill your tub with water, making sure that you cover the jets by at least 3 inches. Add a half a cup of bleach to facilitate the sterilization and two teaspoons of a low foaming dishwasher detergent. If you don't use low foaming the jets in the tub will make the tub overflow with bubbles. Once the bleach and detergent are in the tub, run the jets for 15 minutes to let the solution get in and out of the system. Completely drain the tub and refill with cold water to rinse the tub. Once the tub is filled with cold water, run the tub for another 15 minutes to make sure it clears all the leftover soap and bleach in the jets. Once this has been completed, drain the tub and let it dry. In order to maintain a clean and working tub, this should be done at least once a month (or more often for tubs that get more use).

How to Find Designer Kitchen Photos Online

If you are looking for ideas for your new kitchen, there are lots of places to get ideas on line. Here's where to get great ideas.

Instructions

1

HGTV has bazillions of ideas for home renovations including kitchens. On this website you will find everything you are looking for ideas on kitchen cabinets, kitchen countertops, kitchen appliances and everything else kitchen.

This site is especially good because you can narrow your search down by kitchen style or even interior designer.

http://www.hgtv.com/kitchens/index.html

2

If you have an old house, This Old House is definitely for you. The website is based on the TV show, This Old House so if you saw something on the TV show you liked, you'll find it here.

One of the things that makes this site so great for remodeling your kitchen is it really gives you all the basics in detail on the different materials you may want to use. It is not only helpful to homeowners with older homes but also new construction so don't let the name fool you!

If you are looking to do any of your kitchen yourself, there is a lot of detailed information from contractors on how to do it.

www.thisoldhouse.com/toh/kitchen-design

3

Kitchens.com is one of those places that you just have to visit for kitchen ideas. Not only do they have kitchen pictures but they have detailed information about kitchen products including kitchen appliances.

This is one of those designer kitchen websites that you don't want to miss!

4

Another helpful idea is to check cabinet manufacturers websites for their online show rooms of gorgeous designer ideas. These designer ideas offer lots of visual information including ceramic tile floors, wood floors, colors for granite countertops, and kitchen appliances.

After all, a picture tells a thousand words!

Thomasville Cabinetry: www.thomasvillecabinetry.com/
Kraftmaid: www.kraftmaid.com/rooms/index.cfm?navigationid=21200

5

Don't forget that even some hardware stores have information about new kitchen designs. Many large hardware stores sell everything from kitchen cabinets to kitchen countertops so they are really in the know!

Be sure to check out Lowes at www.lowes.com/lowes/lkn?action=pg&p=kitchen_gallery06/index.html.

How to Refinish a Patio

A backyard patio can be a relaxing retreat. It is good for entertaining and family time. Over time, however, concrete patios can become cracked and unpleasant to use. Refinishing a patio can give you back your place for retreat. The steps are simple and the supplies are minimal, although a considerable amount of drying time will stretch the project out for days. With a little work and patience you can make your patio like new.

Instructions

1

Remove all furniture from the surface of the patio. Clean the patio by sweeping with a sturdy broom. Wearing safety goggles, power wash the surface and allow to air dry.

2

Protect the grass and surrounding area with plastic sheeting. Cover everything in the adjacent areas that will not be refinished and hold the sheeting in place with tape or landscaping tacks.

3

Repair any cracks in the patio using concrete patching, following the label directions. The repair compound usually requires adding a specific amount of water per package. Apply with a metal trowel. Try to make sure that the patch is level with the original surface.

4

Cover the patched areas with plastic sheeting and secure in place. Allow to dry completely which can take up to 4 days.

5

Remove the plastic sheeting when dry and use the grinder on an electric sander to smooth the patched areas.

6

Remove debris from patio surface using a sturdy broom.

7

Apply epoxy to the surface of the patio using a paint roller with an extended handle. Epoxy is usually applied like paint and takes a similar amount of time to dry, but follow the label directions for specific guidelines.

8

Apply concrete sealant using a paint roller with an extended handle. Follow the label directions for the sealant. Allow the sealant to dry for at least 24 hours before allowing any foot traffic.

Installing a Tile Backsplash

Choosing Tile

Good aesthetics demand that a tile backsplash be matched well with the countertop. That the countertop does not already have a tile backsplash suggests that the countertop is made of solid granite or wood, but it is possible that a cheap job was done with a tile countertop, or the existing backsplash was damaged. Careful shopping will be necessary to match the existing countertop or to come up with a tile choice that does not clash with it.

Tile Cutting

Even for a modest, one-row backsplash, some cutting of tile will be necessary to make for a perfect fit across the back edge of the countertop. Cutting tile is easy but requires a tile saw as well as a power sander for polishing rough cuts.

Prepare the Wall

The first step for laying a tile backsplash is to clean the wall. The wall should be smooth and free of particulate matter, so dusting is absolutely necessary. If the wall has irregularities--such as holes, dents or protrusions--these must be filled with spackling paste or cut away. If the wall has oil splotches on it, these should be scrubbed off.

Mark the snapping or guide lines for the tile. For a one-row backsplash, this is easy: using a tape measure and a level, trace a line marking where the top of the backsplash will be straight across the wall. A bigger backsplash, requires a grid pattern. The rows and columns should be the width of the tile plus double the width of the spacer (one spacer for each side).

Laying Tile

Laying tile for a one-row backsplash uses the same mortar as a normal tile job, but a larger wall area requires wall tile adhesive. Start with a 3 foot square area in the center bottom. Spread the mortar/adhesive on the drywall with a notched hand trowel. Press a tile into the mortar/adhesive, give it a little twist to ensure good contact and then set it into a good, level alignment. Repeat this for each tile. When the first work area has been finished, do another the same way, and keep repeating until the wall is finished. Let the mortar/adhesive set overnight.

Grouting

After laying the tile, grout them by using a grout float to push the grout down into the seams. Then wipe away any excess grout and residue with a damp sponge. After the grout has been left overnight to dry, clean any leftover grout bits or residue with a 50-50 mix of water and vinegar, and then apply a good sealant to the grout to keep it from being stained by kitchen grime.

How to Design a Spanish-Style Home

Spanish-style homes are characterized by thick adobe walls and subtle, earth- and sea-inspired colors. The design is warm and inviting and incorporates outside areas as living space. There are usually several entryways into the house, each with its own courtyard or patio. Though the earliest Spanish-style homes had small windows, now homeowners design large windows to allow the sun to play a role in decorating the home and offsetting the typically heavy furnishings.

Instructions

1




Design a home with a low-pitched roof covered with heavy terracotta tile. Stucco the exterior walls with earth-toned colors.

2




Use black wrought-iron balconies and architectural details such as stair rails, outdoor lighting and fences. Place large clay pots on the balconies and fill them with grasses and shrubs.

3




Extend the walls of the house to create courtyards for the entryways. Center fountains in courtyards and plant lush gardens. Tile the walkways.

4




Create a home with an open floor plan and arched doorways between the rooms. Plan large, arched windows without window coverings, or install interior shutters. Build a barrel ceiling in the living room.

5

Paint the interior walls in pale blues, yellows and greens that evoke the sea. Create mosaic tile patterns for the floors. Install dark beams on the ceilings in common areas.

6




Furnish the home with oversized chairs and sofas upholstered in leather. Accessorize with wall sconces and iron chandeliers, pottery and old-world paintings in heavy frames.

Blown-In Insulation Tips

Blown-in insulation has been around since the 70s. It is economical, and it will allow you to insulate an area (usually the attic) that is cramped and hard to reach. Unlike fiberglass insulation, blown-in insulation is made from recycled materials such as newspaper and is not itchy and dusty. Installing blown-in insulation is not difficult, and, depending on the size of the area to be covered, it can be done in as little as one day.

Choose the Insulation

Measure the area to be insulated---length and width. Multiply the length and the width to get the square footage. You will need this number in order to purchase the right amount of insulation for the job---your local hardware store will help you select the right amount. Also, you will need an insulation blower in order to apply the insulation. The blower is like a giant vacuum cleaner that works in reverse. Instead of sucking up the insulation, it blows it out of a large, flexible pipe. You can rent this machine at your local home improvement or hardware store.

Protection

Wear protective clothing, goggles and a dust mask. A long-sleeve shirt will keep the insulation particles off your skin. Eye protection will keep the insulation from getting into your eyes---safety glasses won't do the job; you need goggles to seal your eyes from all sides from the insulation particles. The dust mask will prevent any dust particles from entering your lungs.

Load and Blow

Load the insulation blower with insulation. The insulation will come in bales that are about 2 by 3 feet, and they must be inserted into a receiving bin at the rear of the blower. The blower will distribute the insulation through a 3-inch wide flexible pipe that is about 300 feet long. You can take the pipe almost anywhere, while the blower remains stable. You will need a helper to keep loading more insulation while you pull the pipe and blow the insulation.

Installing Granite Tile Countertops

Underlayment

Installing a granite tile countertop begins when either the previous countertop has been removed, revealing the existing cabinet frames, or the new cabinet frames are finished. Double-check to make sure the top is level. Measure and cut a piece of 3/4-inch plywood, and keep in mind that your tile will overhang the plywood when you make this calculation. Drill holes and screw the plywood into the top of the cabinet frame.
Next, measure and cut a cement backerboard to go over the plywood. Drill and screw that on. Use leftover cement backerboard scraps to cut pieces to serve as a border for the plywood and backerboard, and drill and screw these onto the sides.

Preparing for Appliances

If you are installing a sink and stove into a position that requires the counter to run around it, cut holes through the underlayment with a jigsaw. This is almost always necessary for the kitchen sink, but only sometimes for the stove.

Cutting Tile

For the counter's backsplash board, the edging to place around the sides of the counter, and to finish off an uneven tile count, you'll need to cut tiles down to size. This is simple but will require a tile saw. It's also advisable to use a hand sander to polish the rough edges of the tiles before installation.

Laying Tile

Spread thin-setting mortar on the underlayment with a notched hand trowel. Start with the outer row, and remember to overlay the tiles beyond the edge of the underlayment by 1/4 inch to help with the edging you will add later. Keep laying your tile in rows, checking with a level as you go.
Lay your edge tiles around the sides in the same way, but secure them while they are drying with masking tape. Apply mortar to the drywall to do your backsplash tiling in the same way.
Now grout the tiles, using a grout float to push the grout into the seams, and then wipe away any excess with a damp sponge. After it has dried, apply a high-quality sealant to the grout to keep it from being stained.

How Much Insulation is Needed in a Ceiling?

The amount of insulation needed in your ceiling depends on the climate where you live. In areas that require significant heating during the winter, more attic insulation is recommended. If you live in an area where you need to run your air conditioner throughout the summer, more attic insulation will save you money.

The type of heating and cooling system you have in your house also will affect the amount of insulation needed.

Regional information

The least amount of attic insulation is needed in Florida, Hawaii, coastal California, southeast Texas, and the southern areas of Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. For homes in these areas that are heated with either heating oil, gas, or a heat pump, attics should have insulation rated between R-22 and R-38 a value that indicates how well the insulation "resists" heat transfer. Materials with a higher R value insulate better.

If you live in one of these areas and heat your home with electric resistance heaters, such as baseboard heaters, you need more insulation, between R-38 and R-49.

Homes heated with oil, gas, or heat pumps in the colder areas of the United States should have attic insulation rated from R-38 to R-49. These areas have snowy mountainous areas, the New England states, the northern Midwest. If you live in any of those areas and heat your home with electric resistance heaters, you should have insulation rated at R-49.

In areas that have moderate heating and cooling requirements throughout the year, such as most of the Southeast, the Northwest, inland California, Nevada, and the more moderate areas in the Midwest, attics should be insulated to a level of R-38.

Insulation types

The most common attic insulation is the fiberglass blanket that comes in rolls. It is popular with homeowners because it is easy to install. It comes in various widths and R ratings. R-38 insulation would be 12 inches thick when unrolled in your attic. This type of insulation usually has a paper backing on one side that acts as a vapor barrier.

Blown-in attic fiberglass or cellulose insulation are also popular, although this insulation usually requires professional installation.

Government information

The U.S. Department of Energy has good information on all types of home insulation, including some online calculators, to help determine the insulation requirements and costs for your location.

Do it Yourself Rain Gutters

Over time, your home's rain gutters may have to be replaced because of damaged caused by termites, extreme weather or even a fallen tree branch. Making do-it-yourself gutters is a relatively easy project because the rain gutters can be replaced in sections. You need only to repair the part that has been damaged.

Removing the Old Gutters

Clean out any debris in the old rain gutters with a garden trowel. Place pieces of scrap 2-by-4 inch lumber into the gutter so it retains its shape while you are removing it. With a pry bar and a hammer, remove the spikes that hold the gutter in place, being careful not to damage the side of the house. Check the fascia boards that were under the old rain gutter. If you see signs of water damage or termite infestation, use your pry bar to remove the boards. Cut new boards to match the size and shape of the old fascia boards. These will be installed when you attach the new rain gutters to the house.

Choosing and Cutting the New Rain Gutters

Decide which type of rain gutter you will be installing. Vinyl gutters are the least expensive and easiest to cut yourself, but they will not last as long as a sturdier material. They do have an advantage over metal gutters because they are impervious to rust. Aluminum gutters are durable, but may rust and can be bent if hit by tree branches or other large items. Steel rain gutters are very durable, but cost more and are still susceptible to rust--unless they are made from stainless steel. Before throwing out your old rain gutter, measure it so you know how long the new gutter needs to be. If you are using vinyl or aluminum rain gutters, you can cut them yourself with a hacksaw. Steel gutters are usually ordered pre-cut and pre-drilled to your specifications. With an electric drill, make several 1/4-inch holes on the inside edge of the gutter, spaced two feet apart.

Installing the New Rain Gutters

Lay out your new rain gutters and connect any corners. Use silicone caulk to seal the corner joints, making sure the caulk is dry before you attach the gutter to the house. If you had to replace any fascia boards in the earlier step, attach them to the home with galvanized wood screws. Drive a gutter spike through each of the holes drilled into the inside edge. Run the gutters so there is a slight downward slope to them, leading into the downspout. You want the water to flow freely out of the gutter, instead of pooling up and overflowing.

How to Make an Interior Design Portfolio

Your portfolio is an essential tool for advancing your career as an interior designer. It contains examples of your work and is a visual representation of your accomplishments and abilities. In many cases, your interior design portfolio is more important than your resume because it gives your clients an idea of the style and quality of your work. A professional and organized portfolio will set you apart from other interior designers and will demonstrate why you are qualified to work for the client.

Instructions

1

Choose a portfolio case to display your work. Your interior design portfolio should be professional looking and easy to use, so don't skimp on this part. Look for a case that can hold 8 1/2" x 10" or 11" x 17" removable pages. You can get a larger case, but it will be harder to carry and show to clients.

2

Select five to seven projects that showcase your qualifications as an interior designer. These projects should be the best of your work and demonstrate a wide range of abilities. If possible, customize your choices for each client.

3

Compile information, diagrams and picture for each project. Make sure you include floor plans, conceptual drawings, materials used, and before and after pictures. Include technical drawings that demonstrate your ability to use industry tools such as AutoCAD.

4

Create several pages for each project that show how the project progressed from beginning to end. Arrange the diagrams and pictures on the pages so that they are organized and easy to understand. Mount each piece on complementary backing paper and attach them to heavy paper with adhesive. Alternately, you can create these pages in a graphics design program and print them out onto heavy paper.

5

Add information about when and where the project was completed, any challenges you successfully overcame and other pertinent details. Describe the inspiration and thought process behind the project. The pictures should be the main focus, so keep the text concise and to a minimum.

6

At the beginning of your interior design portfolio, include an introduction that describes your education, qualifications and design philosophy. Include information about your skills, specialties and the software you are able to use.

7

Include resumes and business cards in your interior design portfolio to leave with potential employers. You may also want to have a brochure highlighting your work and accomplishments that you can leave behind.

8

Update your portfolio as you progress in your interior design career and learn new skills. Exchange older projects with recent ones regularly so that your portfolio stays fresh. Clients don't want to see what you did a few years ago, they want to see what you can do now.

How to Make MDF Cabinet Doors

Making your own cabinet doors can be a fast and cheap way to give your kitchen a designer makeover without the designer cost. With a few basic power tools and some commonly available medium density fiberboard (MDF), a new set of cabinet doors can be made in a weekend, adding style and value to your kitchen while leaving money in you pocket.

Instructions

1

Measure the door openings in your cabinets to determine the size of the doors you need to make; add 1 inch to the measurements. Write down the measurements on a sheet of paper, numbering each measurement and door opening so that you will know where the finished doors go.

2

Cut the doors out of 3/4-inch-thick MDF. Sand the edges to remove any marks left by the saw blades. Also, sand the edges on the back of the door where the sides meet the rear face of the door.

3

Rout a decorative pattern along the front edge of the door where the front face meets the sides. For a small detail, one pass will do nicely, but for larger or deeper details, a second pass may be necessary.

4

Slightly knock down any sharp edges left by the router using fine grit hand sandpaper. You aren't trying to erase the detail, just dull the sharpness a bit so that paint will stick to the edges better.

5

Prime the doors with a primer designed specifically for MDF. Lightly sand the primer after it dries. Apply two finish coats of paint, sanding in between with a fine grit sandpaper.

How to Maintain a Septic System

Septic systems are the wastewater treatment method of choice for homes built in remote areas or those not serviced by local treatment plants. These systems have a proven reliability and when properly designed, installed and maintained, should yield a lifespan of 20 years or more. Interestingly, about 25 percent of US households use on site wastewater treatment methods, the vast majority of which are septic systems. Here's what you can do to ensure your septic system continues to do its job silently, effectively and virtually odor-free.

Instructions

1

Create a record. If you've just built your dream home and it's served by a septic system, you know the precise age of your system. Enter the installation date in your septic maintenance record. If you purchased an existing home with a pre-existing septic system, ask the seller or your realtor for all applicable septic records. This will help you understand your system's capabilities, expressed in terms of numbers of bedrooms, when the system was originally installed and the date it was last serviced. Log in all maintenance you perform on the system to keep the record complete and to prompt you for periodic service.

2

Know that the septic system is comprised of a large, buried tank that collects effluent from the home and a drain field--or leech field--through which decomposed materials are percolated into the soil. You can easily identify your septic tank by locating its metal or concrete riser covers. By viewing your property in relation to the tank, you can approximate the location of the drain field by observing how the terrain falls down and away from the tank. It is in that area the drain field will be located though it is buried beneath the surface.

3

Be aware that the septic tank collects all of the liquid and solid waste you introduce into your home's plumbing system including toilets, sinks and laundry drains. Liquid is both an enemy and ally to your septic system, and the savvy homeowner introduces water into the system sparingly. For example, rather than wash laundry all day long until the task is complete, habitually spread the process over several days to prevent overtaxing your septic system. Be conscious of the volume of water that flows into the tank and adjust your lifestyle to ensure your system can adequately manage that volume. Septic tanks decompose waste by separating it into sludge at the bottom of the tank, wastewater in the middle and scum at the top. To keep your system operating effectively, the tank should be professionally pumped every 3 to 4 years. If you're in doubt as to when your tank was last pumped, call in a professional and have it done.

4

Know that some septic systems use aerators to help decompose waste materials. These pumps stir the water at the top of the tank and are, generally, always on. If your septic system has such a device, you'll notice an aerator power control box inside your home or in a waterproof service box closer to the tank. Aerator pumps should be cleaned every other month, a level of maintenance easily performed by the homeowner. Shut off power to the aerator, remove the concrete aerator cap from the septic tank's riser-noticeable because of its vent-and withdraw the pump being careful of its weight. Once free, unplug the unit and spray it forcefully with a garden hose or pressure washer to remove visible bacteria. Be sure to unwind and remove accumulated hair and lint to prevent damage to the steel rod. Don't forget to wear rubber gloves. When finished, return the unit to the riser, plug in the power cord and replace the lid. If your aerator pump fails, replace it yourself or contact your septic professional.

5

Consider that the drain field requires virtually no maintenance and should do its job invisibly. However, the attentive owner should always be aware that problems can arise. Septic systems generally produce little if any odor. If you smell sewage near the drain field, notice puddles near the surface or water drains slowly from your home, odds are that you've found a problem. If your home has a backup drain field, locate its "T" control and switch to the other field. If not, call your septic professional.

6

Be aware that septic systems are extraordinarily reliable and require only a modicum of care. With septic systems, prevention is easier and far less expensive than curing a problem. In general, manage the flow of water from your home and don't allow water softeners, hot tubs or swimming pools to drain into the system. If you suspect such appliances are draining into your tank, call a plumber for advice on rerouting the drains for those products. Don't introduce caustic substances such as commercial drain cleaners, paint thinner, paint, acids or oils. These inhibit the bacterial decomposition that takes place in your tank. Use paper products certified to be septic safe and do not flush items such as paper towels, feminine napkins, coffee grounds, cotton swabs or condoms since those can clog the drain field and inhibit or prevent percolation.

How to Install Tile Over Formica

Installing tile over Formica is a simpler tiling job than tiling over other surfaces. This is not to say that the job is quick and easy, by no means. Any tiling you do requires the three Ps--planning, patience and precision. You change the entire look of the kitchen when you install tile over your Formica countertops. Add new faucets, a splash of color on the wall and you have a new kitchen for a minimal amount out of your pocket.

Instructions

1

Measure the countertop and cut a paper template out of butcher paper. You'll need the measurements to purchase the tile. Don't forget the tiles that go on the edge.

2

Check to see if the Formica laminate bonds tightly to the surface and the area is structurally sound. You need to have a good base when you tile over the Formica. If your only problem is loose laminate on a spot or two, reglue it and clamp it down rather than tearing off the entire surface.

3

Rough up the Formica with sandpaper or the more-professional method of using a grinder with a rough diamond blade. You need to have it rough so the thinset sticks to it. Once you're comfortable that its surface is scarred enough, you're ready to waterproof the entire countertop.

4

Cut a piece of waterproof fabric membrane the size of the counter. You'll want to overlap the edges, just in case there's a water leak somewhere. This prevents the water from penetrating the wood underneath, which might cause it to buckle. Use a thinset made for high performance.

5

Spread thinset evenly and lay on the membrane. Smooth out the bubbles. If you find an area that isn't covered, spread a little more thinset on that spot and put on another layer of membrane. Overlap the membrane at the edges.

6

Allow the countertop to dry overnight. While you wait, lay out the tiles on the template. This gives you a chance to arrange them and cut any that need trimming. Don't forget to leave space between them for grout. You'll want the countertop tiles to extend over the edge the height of a tile. This way, the tile on top of the countertop hides the edge of the one on the side.

7

Apply the thinset to the membrane on top of the countertop and lay out your design. Attach a temporary board as a ledge to hold the tiles on the side of the countertop. You'll need to butter the backs with the thinset to put them on the side. The ledge holds the tiles in place until the thinset dries. Wipe any thinset off, but don't disturb the tiles. Let it dry overnight. Clean the tops thoroughly and apply a sealer. Allow the sealer to dry before applying grout. The sealer allows you to clean the tiles easier. Clean the faces of the tile again and wait a week until you apply two coats of sealer to the entire countertop.

Making a Kitchen Island With a Small Counter Bar

Design & Materials

To make an island with a small counter bar for your kitchen, first measure the overall size of the island and bar combined. For an island measuring 4 feet wide by 3 feet deep with a small counter coming out 20 inches, you will need on overall space of 4 feet wide by 3 feet, 20 inches deep, plus room for seating. Your island can include storage by adding shelving inside with an opening on the opposite side of the counter bar. Doors are not necessary, but they will add a tidier look as well as closure. Once you have measurements, make a materials list and have a home improvement store cut the plywood to size for you. For an island without storage, you will need two pieces of plywood measuring the width and the height of the face and back, and two pieces measuring the width and height of the sides. You can leave the top open and have a piece of granite or other solid surface installed. For storage, cut an opening in the plywood to size. You can purchase pre-made doors and shelving at a home improvement store, so check the measurements before you have the opening cut. If you plan to tile the top, add a piece of plywood to the top as a surface for your tile. Plan your countertop by purchasing metal braces appropriate for whatever surface you use on the island. Have a separate piece of wood or solid surface counter material cut to the dimensions of your small countertop.

Construction

Make the box for your kitchen island by joining the side pieces to the front and back of your kitchen island, using waterproof adhesive followed by wood screws. If you planned for storage, install the shelving brackets and shelving, then attach the hinges for the doors. Finish the kitchen island with primer and paint or stain. Remember to finish the doors as well, back and front, before adding them to the island.

Counters

Install the countertops and the counter bar to your kitchen island to complete the project. Place the brackets for the counter bar at the desired location on the back side of your kitchen island. Install the counter bar material to the brackets according to the manufacturer's instructions. If you are installing tile countertops, apply tile adhesive to the wooden top and press the tile firmly into place. Let the adhesive dry and apply the grout and grout sealer.

How to Remove Oil Tanks

To ensure a house is well-maintained, old fixtures should be removed and updated with newer technologies. For years, many old homes relied on oil tanks, usually placed in the basement, to heat the home during the winter. Now, newer homes rely on gas that is pumped through lines directly from the city. Outdated storage tanks should be removed to modernize the house and prevent leaks that can cause severe environmental damage or danger to the inhabitants of the home. Removing an oil tank should always be done by an expert as it can result in hazardous oil leaks or fires. Also, there are legal regulations that dictate how an oil tank should be removed and disposed.

Instructions

1

Check with local government agencies to find out the regulations for removing an oil tank. In most cases, there are strict rules dictating proper disposal and they will advise you to have a professional agency remove the tank.

2

Call an expert to check the oil tank for leaks. Leaks must be reported to the city's governmental agencies and will require cleanup to ensure the safety of the home and surrounding environment.

3

Have the oil tank removed by professionals, ensuring all of the oil is removed from the interior of the tank before the metal casing itself is removed.

4

Secure paperwork verifying the oil tank was removed according to local regulations.

About the Flag of the Karankawas

Known as the "Lone Star State," Texas became the 28th state of the Union on December 29, 1845. The Texas flag is known as the "Lone Star Flag" and was introduced to Congress by Senator William H. Wharton on December 28, 1838. Within one month, the flag was known as the final national flag of the Republic of Texas. Unlike the "Lone Star Flag" named for Texas, no such flag has ever been named for the Karankawa tribe, a group of Native American Indians who were indigenous toTexas prior to Spanish settlement.

History

Karankawas refers to a group of Native Americans Indians who spoke Karankawa and lived in southeastern Texas until the mid-nineteenth century. According to data collected at the Calhoun county museum, Karankawa ranged from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi Bay and approximately 100 miles inland, principally near bays and offshore barrier islands.
Within the Karankawa nation, there were three distinct tribes of Karankawa Indians---the Coaques, the Copanes and the Carancaquacas.

Time Frame

The Calhoun County Museum affirms the following timeline for the Karakawa people in Texas. Karankawa first came into contact with survivors of the Narvey Expedition in 1658. Killings and attacks persisted for years and in 1688, Karankawa attacked Ft. St. Louis. Settlers attempted to introduce Christianity to the Karankawa by building a mission at Ft. St Louis called Neustra Senora de Espiritu de Zuniga and Nuestra Senora de Loreto. However, tensions between the settlers and the Indians increased, leading up to a confrontation with Francisco Xavier Mina at Matagorda Bay in 1817. Deaths followed until final peace treaties were made in 1821, 1822, 1824 and then again in 1827. In 1840, Mexico granted the Karankawa the right to relocate south of the Rio Grande. However, by 1858 the Indians were rejected by the Mexican government and made to return back over the border. Juan Cortina and his men murdered the remaining Karankawa indians when they returned. None remain today.

Expert Insight

The Karankawas did not fly an official flag nor was one ever constructed in honor or memorial of the extinct tribe. However, the Karankawas were influential in the early history of Texas and continue to be one of the most celebrated nations of the Texas Indians. The Karankawa were exterminated by European settlers and disease infestations (brought by European settlers) by as early as the 1850s. Spanish settlers did not provide pictorial illustrations of a Karankawa flag, nor is there any other evidence or recorded accounts from this era that connect a flag to the Karankawa nation.

Features

The Karankawa used poles and animal skins to construct huts, most of which were set up by the ocean. The Karankawa Indians largely choose to live along the Texas coast of the Gulf of Mexico to ensure daily fishing expeditions would lead to adequate food for the tribe. Evidence of scattered bands (or inter-tribes) along the coast give some insight into their roaming patterns. However insufficient recordings about the Karankawa Indian has limited the information that is available.

Considerations

Very little is known about the Karankawa religious beliefs except for evidence of the Mitote festival, a ceremony performed after a great victory in battle. This and other festivals were performed under a full moon. Successful hunting or fishing expeditions usually required the Karankawas to gather in a large circle around a fire in the chief's tent. Spanish settlers did not record any observations about flags or banners being used during these ceremonies.

Identification

The Karankawa had a strong admiration for the children of the tribe. It is believed that the tribe would mourn every day for a year, at dawn, noon, and sunset after a child passed away. Mourning rites were strictly observed and were encouraged by each memnber of the tribe to honor the deceased. For sons or brothers who died to save another family member, the spared relative would have to mourn for a month in seclusion and without food. However, there is no evidence of any kind of flag to have been raised in honor of any slain man, woman or child.

Theories/Speculation

The Karankawa tribe were a strong nation of robust people with impressive hunting skills and systemic leadership and cultural traditions that influenced the everyday life for Karankawa Indians. According to the AAA Native Art organzation, "Karankawa men were expert hunters and fisherman. The Karankawas crafted pottery, baskets and weapons, including the long bow. The bow and arrow was their primary weapon for hunting and warfare." The Karankawa Indians heavily pierced and tattooed the face and body as part of cultural identification and celebration rituals. These rituals and traditions were not marked with a flag or symbolic fabric to designate a gathering location or to rally the tribe. Based on all accounts, markings were limited to those made on the body in the form of paintings and tatoos.

How to Maintain a Generator

Generators are used for the production of electricity. The majority of generators in operation today are either a portable or a standby type. Both of these types of generators are used on a temporary basis. Typically when the power goes out due to storms or other natural disasters. Just because these machines do not run regularly, they still need to be maintained. Proper maintenance will ensure efficient operation when the machine is put into service. Regardless of the frequency of use, a certain procedure should be followed.

Instructions

The Steps

1

Replace the sparkplug every two years or 100 hours of operation. Remove the old sparkplug in a counter clockwise direction using the correct sized wrench. Generally the wrench will come from the generators manufacturer. The sparkplug will be located on either the top or the side of the engine. A large rubber wire with a hood covers the sparkplug. This rubber hood will have to be removed to gain access to the metal nut on the sparkplug. Check the new sparkplug for the correct gap with the feeler gauge before placing the new one in the engine. The gap specifications will be shown on the sparkplugs container.

2

Change the oil in the generator every 200 hours or on a yearly basis. Moisture can migrate into the crankcase whenever the unit is in storage. Place the plastic bucket under the oil drain plug. This square metal plug is located on the lower portion of the engine. Tighten the crescent jaw around the square head and turn the wrench in a counterclockwise direction.

3

Remove the oil plug and allow the oil to drain into the bucket. Replace the plug and tighten with the crescent wrench. Clean up any spilled oil with the paper towels. Discard the towels and old oil according to local disposal regulations.

4

Pour the new oil into the oil fill plug. Follow the capacity rating as dictated by the manufacturer.

5

Add fresh gasoline to the fuel tank. Start the generator and allow to run in a well ventilated outdoor area. Run the unit for at least 15 minutes. Stop the engine and check the oil level to ensure proper capacity.

6

Add the proper amount of gasoline stabilizer into the fuel tank. There is a capacity chart listed on the side of the products container.

7

Test run the generator every 4 to 6 months to keep it conditioned.